Unveiling the Enigmatic Green Mineral in Lava Rock: Olivine

Lava rock, also known as volcanic rock, is formed from the solidification of molten lava. It is renowned for its unique appearance and diverse mineral composition. Among the various minerals found in lava rock, one particular green mineral stands out for its significance and intriguing properties. In this article, we delve into the depths of this enigmatic mineral and explore its identity, characteristics, and applications. Join us on this journey to uncover the secrets of the green mineral in lava rock!

1. The Green Gemstone: Olivine
At the heart of the green hue in lava rock lies a mineral called olivine. Olivine is a silicate mineral composed of magnesium, iron, and oxygen. Its chemical formula is (Mg, Fe)2SiO4, where Mg represents magnesium and Fe represents iron. This mineral is commonly found in igneous rocks, including basalt, which is the primary component of lava rock.

2. Distinctive Properties of Olivine
Olivine possesses several distinctive properties that make it stand out among other minerals found in lava rock:

a. Color and Transparency: Olivine exhibits a vibrant green color, ranging from pale yellow-green to deep olive green. It can also be transparent to translucent, allowing light to pass through.

b. Hardness and Cleavage: Olivine has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively durable. It lacks cleavage, meaning it does not break along specific planes like some other minerals.

c. High Melting Point: Olivine has a high melting point, around 1,800 to 1,900 degrees Celsius. This property enables it to withstand the extreme temperatures during volcanic eruptions.

3. Formation and Occurrence
Olivine forms deep within the Earth’s mantle under intense heat and pressure. It crystallizes from magma and is brought to the surface during volcanic eruptions. As lava cools and solidifies, olivine-rich lava rock is formed. This mineral is also found in meteorites and has been discovered on the Moon and Mars.

4. Applications and Uses
Olivine’s unique properties make it valuable in various industries and applications:

a. Jewelry: Olivine, particularly the gem-quality variety known as peridot, is a popular choice for jewelry. Its vibrant green color and high transparency make it an attractive gemstone.

b. Construction: Due to its durability and resistance to weathering, olivine is used as a construction material. It is commonly incorporated into asphalt, concrete, and road surfaces.

c. Foundry Sand: Olivine’s high melting point and thermal stability make it an ideal material for foundry sand. It helps produce high-quality castings in metal foundries.

d. Soil Amendment: Crushed olivine can be used as a soil amendment to enhance soil fertility and reduce carbon dioxide levels. When exposed to air and moisture, olivine reacts with carbon dioxide, facilitating carbon sequestration.

Conclusion:
The green mineral in lava rock, olivine, is a fascinating and versatile mineral with a wide range of applications. Its distinctive properties, including its vibrant green color, durability, and high melting point, contribute to its significance in various industries. From jewelry to construction and environmental applications, olivine continues to captivate scientists, geologists, and enthusiasts alike. So, the next time you come across a piece of lava rock, remember the hidden gem within – olivine!